Salman Khalid
Senior Software Engineer & IT Infrastructure Specialist (8+ Years Experience)
Salman Khalid is a Software Engineer and IT infrastructure specialist with over 8 years of dedicated experience across telecommunications architecture, high-throughput network engineering, and distributed systems. Having diagnosed real-world latency anomalies, radio frequency congestion, and consumer bandwidth throttling across both enterprise and residential networks, Salman founded MbpsToGB to bring uncompromising, engineering-grade accuracy to consumer broadband calculation.
Technical Specializations & Focus Areas
Salman oversees all technical calculations, hardware test rigs, and comparative benchmarks across MbpsToGB. His core areas of technical expertise include:
The Origin of Our 92% Overhead Standard
"The biggest issue with online bandwidth calculators is that they operate in a mathematical vacuum," explains Salman. "Dividing Megabits by 8 gives you a theoretical maximum that ignores physical Ethernet framing, IPv4/IPv6 address routing, TCP window scaling, and upstream acknowledgement packets. In the real world, users are left wondering why their 100 Mbps line downloads at 11.5 MB/s instead of 12.5 MB/s."
To solve this discrepancy, Salman calibrated our site-wide 92% network overhead factor by benchmarking multi-gigabit file transfers across varied residential routers, fiber ONTs, and cable modems under real-world TCP congestion. Every download time calculator on this site utilizes this standard to reflect actual, observable waiting times.
iperf3 testing against isolated Linux servers, 3-zone spatial attenuation tests, and latency-under-load bufferbloat evaluation.Articles & Benchmarks by Salman Khalid
In-depth technical guides, hardware comparisons, and network troubleshooting
Best Mesh Wi-Fi for Gigabit Internet (Tested & Ranked)
Multi-point spatial throughput analysis of the top Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 mesh systems tested against gigabit fiber backhauls.
ARRIS S33 vs S34: Which Modem Should You Actually Buy?
Engineering comparison of upstream OFDM channels and mid-split / high-split DOCSIS 3.1 capabilities for upgraded ISP tiers.
Wi-Fi 6 vs Wi-Fi 6E vs Wi-Fi 7: The Complete Technical Guide
A breakdown of 320 MHz channel bonding, 4K-QAM modulation, Multi-Link Operation (MLO), and the 6 GHz spectrum clean air advantage.
What is Bufferbloat and How to Fix It
Why ping spikes to 300ms during downloads and how to configure Smart Queue Management (SQM/CAKE/FQ-CoDel) to eliminate lag.
Cat6 vs Cat7 vs Cat8: Which Ethernet Cable Do You Need?
Lab measurements examining shielding (STP vs UTP), crosstalk, and why Cat7 is rarely suitable for standard RJ45 residential networks.
Why Am I Not Getting Gigabit Speeds?
A systematic troubleshooting checklist covering 1 Gbps NIC limits, TCP window scaling bottlenecks, and switch link negotiation.
Have a Technical Question or Hardware Discrepancy?
Salman and the engineering team welcome peer review, ISP tier updates, and benchmarking feedback.